{"id":1226,"date":"2019-11-09T12:42:36","date_gmt":"2019-11-09T11:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/?p=1226"},"modified":"2019-11-09T12:42:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-09T11:42:36","slug":"templo-de-debod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/2019\/11\/09\/templo-de-debod\/","title":{"rendered":"Templo de Debod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Plaza de Espa\u00f1a v Madridu, \u010dtvercov\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, je ze v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 stran lemov\u00e1no ru\u0161n\u00fdmi ulicemi. Proud aut neust\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u017e\u00e1dnou denn\u00ed dobu, ostatn\u011b jednou z nich je Gran V\u00eda, bezkonkuren\u010dn\u011b nej\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed madridsk\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda. Post\u016fjte chv\u00edli p\u0159ed pomn\u00edkem Dona Quijota v sedle Rosinanty a pak se k n\u011bmu oto\u010dte z\u00e1dy. Zaost\u0159ete pohled dop\u0159edu a m\u00edrn\u011b doprava, ano, a\u017e tamhle daleko vep\u0159edu, za \u010dty\u0159proudou Calle de Bail\u00e9n. Vid\u00edte, jak se z asfaltu zved\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 vyv\u00fd\u0161enina, porostl\u00e1 k\u0159ov\u00edm a stromy? Ani slovo pahorek by tu nebylo \u00fapln\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b &#8211; a p\u0159itom se ten mini kope\u010dek, ta krt\u010d\u00ed hrom\u00e1dka, honos\u00ed n\u00e1zvem <strong>Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo<\/strong> (Hora kn\u00ed\u017eete P\u00eda). Je porostl\u00fd zelen\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00e1vou, ke\u0159i, palmami a rozlo\u017eit\u00fdmi platany. V jejich st\u00ednu, ve \u0160pan\u011blsku tolik \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9m, prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 lekce j\u00f3gy, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed se tu pikniky i mileneck\u00e1 dostaven\u00ed\u010dka, a z bl\u00edzk\u00e9 lavi\u010dky se nese zvuk saxofonu. To je <strong>Parque de la Monta\u00f1a<\/strong>, snad nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyhl\u00eddkov\u00e9 m\u00edsto v Madridu. P\u0159ehl\u00e9dnete z n\u011bj velkolep\u00fd kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c, dvoutis\u00edcov\u00e9 hory za Madridem i nekone\u010dn\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 plochy Casa de Campo za \u0159ekou Manzanares, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho parku ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7181-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7181-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7181-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7181-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Pohled z Parque de la Monta\u00f1a sm\u011brem ke Casa de Campo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Uprost\u0159ed parku se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u016fbec nejstar\u0161\u00ed pam\u00e1tka, kterou m\u016f\u017eete v Madridu nav\u0161t\u00edvit, chr\u00e1m Debod &#8211; \u0161pan\u011blsky <strong>Templo de Debod<\/strong>. Je star\u00fd 2200 let a d\u00edky pon\u011bkud kuri\u00f3zn\u00edmu sledu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed se v roce 1970 ocitl v Madridu, daleko od zem\u011b sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6837-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6837-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6837-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6837-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Templo de Debod za soumraku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Trocha historie&#8230; v Madridu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fstojn\u00fd egyptsk\u00fd chr\u00e1m a vzrostl\u00e9 stromy dodaly m\u00edstu citeln\u00fd, a\u017e zenov\u00fd klid. Nebylo tomu tak v\u017edy &#8211; p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika stalet\u00edmi tvo\u0159il kope\u010dek sou\u010d\u00e1st zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 usedlosti a naz\u00fdval se jednodu\u0161e <em>Huerta<\/em> (Zahrada) nebo <em>Dehesa Florida<\/em> (Pastvina Florida). Na konci 17. stolet\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161el do vlastnictv\u00ed mark\u00fdzy Castel-Rodrigo, a kdy\u017e doty\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00e1ma uzav\u0159ela s\u0148atek s kn\u00ed\u017eetem P\u00edo de Saboya, za\u010dalo se pozemku \u0159\u00edkat dne\u0161n\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo. Temn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed jeho historie zapo\u010dalo v kv\u011btnu 1808, na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku napoleonsk\u00e9ho vp\u00e1du do \u0160pan\u011blska. Francouzsk\u00e9 hordy vtrhly do Madridu, a ne\u017e se naplno rozho\u0159el \u0161estilet\u00fd vojensk\u00fd konflikt, kter\u00fd \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed <em>Guerra de la Independencia<\/em> (V\u00e1lka za nez\u00e1vislost), bylo p\u0159\u00edmo na Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo popraveno 44 vzpurn\u00fdch Madri\u010fan\u016f a jejich t\u011bla byla pro v\u00fdstrahu na pahorku vystavena. K ud\u00e1losti do\u0161lo v noci z 2. na 3. kv\u011btna 1808 a zobrazuj\u00ed ji dva slavn\u00e9 obrazy od Francisca Goyi, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete dnes vid\u011bt v muzeu Prado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/The-3rd-of-May-1808-in-Madrid-or-The-Executions-1024x786.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/The-3rd-of-May-1808-in-Madrid-or-The-Executions-1024x786.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/The-3rd-of-May-1808-in-Madrid-or-The-Executions-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/The-3rd-of-May-1808-in-Madrid-or-The-Executions-768x589.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/The-3rd-of-May-1808-in-Madrid-or-The-Executions.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Goy\u016fv obraz &#8222;3. kv\u011bten v Madridu&#8220;, zdroj obr\u00e1zku: museodelprado.es<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edmo tam, kde dnes stoj\u00ed Templo de Debod, byla v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19. stolet\u00ed na kopci postavena kas\u00e1rna pod n\u00e1zvem <strong>Cuartel de la Monta\u00f1a<\/strong> &#8211; tedy n\u011bco jako Kas\u00e1rna na ho\u0159e. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tohle m\u00edsto se v \u010dervenci 1936 stalo d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm jednoho z prvn\u00edch st\u0159et\u016f \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Tehdy bylo \u0160pan\u011blsko republikou a ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka za\u010dala vlastn\u011b jako nepoveden\u00fd vojensk\u00fd p\u0159evrat proti republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. \u010c\u00e1st povstalc\u016f z \u0159ad vojska se 18. \u010dervence opevnila v kas\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a dvoudenn\u00ed boje vy\u00fastily v masakr obl\u00e9han\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"730\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2016-07-25-CUARTEL-DE-LA-MONTANA.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2016-07-25-CUARTEL-DE-LA-MONTANA.png 730w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2016-07-25-CUARTEL-DE-LA-MONTANA-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><figcaption>Kas\u00e1rna na Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo, zdroj obr\u00e1zku: www.tradicionviva.es<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed se odhaduje na 500 &#8211; 900 mu\u017e\u016f a budova kas\u00e1ren byla &#8211; d\u00edky t\u011bmto \u00favodn\u00edm boj\u016fm a bl\u00edzkosti aktivn\u00ed fronty b\u011bhem \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky &#8211; prakticky zni\u010dena. A\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nikdo nev\u011bd\u011bl, co si se sm\u016flovat\u00fdm pozemkem po\u010d\u00edt. Nakonec jej p\u0159evzala madridsk\u00e1 radnice s c\u00edlem vybudovat na n\u011bm ve\u0159ejn\u00fd park, a 20. \u010dervence 1972, na den p\u0159esn\u011b 36 let po ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9m krveprolit\u00ed v b\u00fdval\u00fdch kas\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, byl ve\u0159ejnosti otev\u0159en Parque de la Monta\u00f1a s chr\u00e1mem Debod. Smutn\u00fd osud padl\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f od t\u00e9 doby p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pam\u00e1tn\u00edk v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti parku, jeho\u017e autorem je Joaqu\u00edn Vaquero Turcios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7815-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7815-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7815-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_7815-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Pam\u00e1tn\u00edk padl\u00fdm z 20. \u010dervence 1936<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Trocha historie&#8230; v Asu\u00e1nu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem zapo\u010dala v N\u00fabii, na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se dnes d\u011bl\u00ed mezi S\u00fad\u00e1n a Egypt, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 km ji\u017en\u011b od Asu\u00e1nu, stavba svatyn\u011b zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 bohu Amonovi. Chr\u00e1m, kter\u00fd nechal vystav\u011bt egyptsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Adikhalamani, byl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 200 let roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n do v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 stran za vl\u00e1dy faraon\u016f z dynastie Ptolemaiovc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bm vyzn\u00e1vali kult bohyn\u011b Isis. V tehdej\u0161\u00edm pojet\u00ed ov\u0161em chr\u00e1my nebyly m\u00edstem, kde by se shroma\u017e\u010fovali v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Barevn\u00fdmi reli\u00e9fy zdoben\u00e9 svatost\u00e1nky byly obydl\u00edm boh\u016f, nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1ny v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b pouze fara\u00f3ny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edmi dary a ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6933-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6933-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6933-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_6933-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Reli\u00e9fy chr\u00e1mu Debod: faraon ve spole\u010dnosti boh\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolem roku 30 p\u0159. n. l. se Egypt dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pod nadvl\u00e1du \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a ve v\u00fdzdob\u011b chr\u00e1mu se tak objevuj\u00ed i reli\u00e9fy Augusta a Tiberia, prvn\u00edch dvou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f. T\u00edm z\u00e1rove\u0148 kon\u010d\u00ed &#8222;ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; stavebn\u00ed \u00fapravy chr\u00e1mu Debod. A\u017e do \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu se stavba vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, proto\u017ee kult bohyn\u011b Isis v oblasti p\u0159etrval i n\u00e1stup k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed do okoln\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed. Mezi lety 535 &#8211; 537 dobyla N\u00fabii Byzantsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e pod vl\u00e1dou Justini\u00e1na I. a Debod byl nast\u00e1lo opu\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tedy, opu\u0161t\u011bn&#8230; z hlediska n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho snad ano, ale b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch stalet\u00ed se v jeho zdech odrazila p\u0159\u00edtomnost dal\u0161\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed. Od vyryt\u00fdch kreseb dromed\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 tam zanechaly isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159es rytiny k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f a\u017e po pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 vrypy prvn\u00edch egyptsk\u00fdch badatel\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tku devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed s monogramem a datem, a celou tu dobu such\u00e9 n\u00fabijsk\u00e9 podneb\u00ed nahr\u00e1valo zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch egyptsk\u00fdch reli\u00e9f\u016f i p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 stavby jako celku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4421-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4421-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4421-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Rytiny dromed\u00e1r\u016f ve st\u011bn\u011b chr\u00e1mu Debod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 1907 p\u0159i\u0161el do Egypta pokrok v podob\u011b prvn\u00ed p\u0159ehrady na Nilu. Debod, a s n\u00edm i dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00fabijsk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, se tak ocitl na dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v roce pod vodou. Reli\u00e9fy boh\u016f ztratily barvy a br\u00e1ny se nen\u00e1vratn\u011b rozpadaly. Kdy\u017e se v roce 1959 za\u010dala stav\u011bt druh\u00e1, takzvan\u00e1 Vysok\u00e1 Asu\u00e1nsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada, byla pod z\u00e1\u0161titou UNESCO zorganizov\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 akce pro chr\u00e1my v doln\u00ed N\u00fabii. Dva nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8211; Ab\u00fa Simbel a Philae &#8211; byly na m\u00edst\u011b roz\u0159ez\u00e1ny a p\u0159esunuty v\u00fd\u0161 mimo dosah Nilu. Celkem \u010dty\u0159i z nich Egypt v\u011bnoval jako pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed za pomoc zem\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se kampan\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnily, a tak je chr\u00e1m Dendur dnes um\u00edst\u011bn v Metropolitn\u00edm muzeu v New Yorku, kaple Taffa v Holandsku a chr\u00e1m Ellesyia v italsk\u00e9m Tur\u00edn\u011b. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich &#8211; chr\u00e1m Debod &#8211; putoval do Madridu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_1323-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_1323-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_1323-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_1323-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Chr\u00e1m Debod v Madridu. N\u00e1dr\u017e na vodu je te\u010f na podzim vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>V nov\u00e9m domov\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed se \u0160pan\u011blsko usilovn\u011b pokou\u0161\u00ed dostat z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed izolace zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 trvaj\u00edc\u00ed frankistickou diktaturou. \u00da\u010dast na z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 akci UNESCO byla tak skv\u011blou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak sv\u011btu uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee \u0160pan\u011blsko je tady a d\u00e1 se s n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edtat. U\u017e v roce 1961 byl Debod rozebr\u00e1n na jednotliv\u00e9 o\u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 kv\u00e1dry a v bedn\u00e1ch ulo\u017een na nilsk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Elefantina v Asu\u00e1nu. Kdy\u017e bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po deseti letech pap\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed v dubnu 1970 kone\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159\u00edzeno, vyrazilo v\u0161ech 1359 beden po \u0159ece do Alexandrie. Odtud byly p\u0159evezeny lod\u00ed p\u0159es St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e do \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 Valencie a n\u00e1sledn\u011b nalo\u017eeny na celkem 90 kamion\u016f, kter\u00e9 zanechaly sv\u016fj n\u00e1klad pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem na Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_8099-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_8099-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_8099-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_8099-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Pohled od chr\u00e1mu Debod k Plaza de Espa\u00f1a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e byly bedny na m\u00edst\u011b, za\u010dala ta spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 legrace. Archeologov\u00e9 m\u011bli k dispozici jen p\u00e1r fotografi\u00ed z Dokumenta\u010dn\u00edho centra star\u00e9ho Egypta, pl\u00e1nek stavby a n\u00e1kres um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch o\u010d\u00edslovan\u00fdch blok\u016f. Z\u00e1hy se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 kv\u00e1dry postr\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010d\u00edselnou referenci zcela, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 ji zase maj\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b, tak\u017ee neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 pl\u00e1nku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed musely b\u00fdt nahrazeny, k \u010demu\u017e byl pou\u017eit k\u00e1men z Villamayor v provincii Salamanca. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed gigantick\u00e9ho kamenn\u00e9ho puzzle zabralo \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm archeolog\u016fm celkem dva roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak v\u016fbec Debod p\u016fvodn\u011b vypadal? Byl obr\u00e1cen sm\u011brem k Nilu, kde se nach\u00e1zelo p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b. Hlavn\u00ed fas\u00e1da sm\u011b\u0159ovala k v\u00fdchodu, tato pozice byla respektov\u00e1na i po p\u0159esunu chr\u00e1mu do Madridu (a dodnes umo\u017e\u0148uje obdivovat fantastick\u00e9 z\u00e1pady slunce za jeho zadn\u00ed st\u011bnou). P\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b na Nilu a chr\u00e1m spojovala 180 metr\u016f dlouh\u00e1 ob\u0159adn\u00ed cesta. Chr\u00e1m byl od okol\u00ed odd\u011blen zdmi a celkem t\u0159emi velkolep\u00fdmi pylony (port\u00e1ly), za ka\u017ed\u00fdm z nich se pak nach\u00e1zelo odd\u011blen\u00e9 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed. Po obou stran\u00e1ch pylon\u016f st\u00e1ly v\u011b\u017ee, jejich\u017e vnit\u0159ek byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako skladovac\u00ed prostory nebo pro \u00fa\u010dely obrann\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4089-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4089-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4089-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4089-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Rekonstrukce podoby chr\u00e1mu za vl\u00e1dy dynastie Ptolemaiovc\u016f. Model najdete vystaven\u00fd v horn\u00edm pat\u0159e chr\u00e1mu Debod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed zmizely postrann\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee, a z p\u016fvodn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed pylon\u016f se dochovaly pouze dva &#8211; ten chr\u00e1mu nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed byl zni\u010den v 19. stolet\u00ed.  N\u011bkdy v dob\u011b, kdy se na Monta\u00f1a del Pr\u00edncipe P\u00edo stav\u011bla kas\u00e1rna, zas\u00e1hlo Debod zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, a jeho p\u0159edn\u00ed fas\u00e1da byla tak\u00e9 zni\u010dena. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e existovala fotografick\u00e1 dokumentace z let 1849 &#8211; 1851 a tak byla jej\u00ed podoba v roce 1970 v Madridu v\u011brn\u011b rekonstruov\u00e1na. \u00dapln\u011b nakonec byla v okol\u00ed obnoven\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu vybudov\u00e1na m\u011blk\u00e1 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, kter\u00e1 odkazuje na p\u0159\u00edtomnost Nilu v jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed lokaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_9675-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_9675-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_9675-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_9675-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Sloupy hlavn\u00ed fas\u00e1dy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva v chr\u00e1mu Debod<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Debod je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd zdarma, ale do objektu je najednou vpu\u0161t\u011bno jen omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed, tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee budete p\u00e1r minut \u010dekat ve front\u011b na vstup. Svatyn\u011b je uvnit\u0159 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b velk\u00e1, v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed uvid\u00edte chodbu a n\u011bkolik ob\u0159adn\u00edch komor &#8211; v t\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed jsou reli\u00e9fy opat\u0159en\u00e9 popisky, tak\u017ee si m\u016f\u017eete nastudovat, kter\u00fd faraon je kter\u00fd. Po schodech se dostanete do patra, na p\u016fvodn\u00ed otev\u0159enou terasu, kter\u00e1 je dnes kv\u016fli ochran\u011b kamene zast\u0159e\u0161ena d\u0159evem. V pat\u0159e si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout model p\u016fvodn\u00ed podoby doln\u00edho toku Nilu s vyzna\u010den\u00edm polohy n\u00fabijsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f nebo archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky z okol\u00ed chr\u00e1mu Debod v Asu\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu spojte s proch\u00e1zkou nebo piknikem v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9m parku a pokud m\u00e1te tu mo\u017enost, po\u010dkejte si na velkolep\u00fd z\u00e1pad slunce. Debod je vzd\u00e1len\u00fd necel\u00fdch deset minut p\u011b\u0161\u00ed ch\u016fze od stanice metra Plaza de Espa\u00f1a a sv\u00e9 br\u00e1ny otv\u00edr\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnosti mezi des\u00e1tou dopoledn\u00ed a sedmou ve\u010dern\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4797-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4797-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4797-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IMG_4797-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Parque de la Monta\u00f1a na podzim<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plaza de Espa\u00f1a v Madridu, \u010dtvercov\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, je ze v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 stran lemov\u00e1no ru\u0161n\u00fdmi ulicemi. Proud aut neust\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u017e\u00e1dnou denn\u00ed dobu, ostatn\u011b jednou z nich je Gran V\u00eda, bezkonkuren\u010dn\u011b nej\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed madridsk\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda. Post\u016fjte chv\u00edli p\u0159ed pomn\u00edkem Dona Quijota v sedle Rosinanty a pak se k n\u011bmu oto\u010dte z\u00e1dy. Zaost\u0159ete pohled dop\u0159edu a m\u00edrn\u011b &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/2019\/11\/09\/templo-de-debod\/\" class=\"more-link\">Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8222;Templo de Debod&#8220;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,17],"tags":[100,24,101],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1226"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1243,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1226\/revisions\/1243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spanelskodokapsy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}